From History to Hypersonics: The New Global Arms Race of 2025
This competition recalls earlier historical cycles of arms racing, from the naval buildups of the early 20th century to the Cold War nuclear confrontation. In 2025, the current arms race differs in scope and speed. Whereas past rivalries
were defined by two dominant powers, today’s rivalry is multipolar and technologically diversified. The lessons of history—especially the spirals of escalation leading to the First World War and the precarious brinkmanship of the Cuban Missile Crisis—warn that an unmanaged arms race tends to end in crisis.
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